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Česká Lípa (; (ドイツ語:Böhmisch-Leipa)) is a city in the Czech Republic. It is the district seat and the largest city of the district in the Liberec Region. Together with Liberec, it is a part of the Nisa Euroregion. The Ploučnice River flows through the city, approximately 25 mi (40 km) from its source. Česká Lípa comprises about ten neighbourhoods and 14 municipal parts populated by 40,225 permanent residents. Education is offered by several local high schools. Several sports facilities for entertainment were recently built and others renovated. Approximately 9 mi (15 km) south of Česká Lípa lies Máchovo jezero (Mácha lake), a popular summer resort. Česká Lípa lies 23 mi (38 km) west of Liberec and 42 mi (67 km) north of Prague, counting distances between city borders. The old town of Česká Lípa was built near a ford by the Ploučnice River where a Slavonic colony existed from the 10th century. The line of the Ronovci and Jindřich z Lipé in particular contributed to the founding of the city between 1305 and 1319, and the line of the Berkové z Dubé promoted its development. A hundred years later the city was occupited by the Hussite army of Jan Roháč z Dubé and devastated by fires. Albert of Valdštejn, and later Kaunitzs, contributed to another boom of the city by founding a monastery and school. The modern urban development of the city was influenced by industrial production and uranium mining in the region. Residential neighborhoods consisting of prefab housing in large were built on the outskirts while the city center was preserved and enunciated as an urban heritage zone. == History == The current territory of the city was permanently settled around the 13th century. The first written reference of settlement comes from 1263 and is included in the Doksany Prior's purchase roll. The history of the city is associated with Chvala ze Žitavy of the Ronovci ancestry,〔Bezděz 2002, p. 7〕 who founded the Lipý Castle, and mainly his grandson Jindřich z Lipé (1270–1329), a significant royal aristocrat. As rolls have not been preserved, it is not clear who exactly of the ancestry founded the castle and settlement around. Thus the Lipý Castle became another fortified seat in North Bohemia on the trade routes of that time. There was a Slavonic colony near the castle, later renamed to Stará Lípa (a part of the city today).〔 〕 There is a reference of Arnold, said to come from Stará Lípa, who used to be a citizen in Kravaře (a small town today). Historians derive from the reference of Stará Lípa that the Lipý Castle and the colony were established around. Jindřich z Lipé moved to Moravia in 1319 after he had sold the castle with its surroundings to his cousin Hynek Berka. According to other news, in 1327 the mentioned Hynek Berka z Dobé, also a member of the ancestry of Ronovci, was the lord of Lipá and its wider surroundings. When he died in 1348, his son of the same name took the grip and after his death the second of sons Jindřich succeeded him. Then his nephew Hynek Berka z Dubé reigned the area. The eldest city charter, which he issued on 23 March 1381, documents that discretions were granted to the city of Lipá and that it was he who contributed the most to the boom of the city and the castle bearing the same name. City walls were constructed in the beginning of the 14th century as well as the parish church of St. Paul and Peter, which was destroyed when fires affected the city in 1787. It was canonized by Peter of Aspelt, the Mayence archbishop, in 1312 in the presence of Jan Lucemburský, the Czech king. The Dean's Office of Děčín was delegated to him in 1341.〔Bezděz 2002, p. 10〕 In the second half of the 14th century the family of Weitmile was concerned significantly in the development of the city even behind its walls. Members of this family used to hold positions of reeve and parsons. Petr z Weitmile was assigned as a witness on the granting of the urban discretions document by Hynek Berka z Dubé in 1381.〔Bezděz 2002, p. 6〕 Development of the city and a larger part of Bohemia was paused by a great plague epidemic in 1389. In the end of the 14th century the castle was controlled by other members of lords of Lipá family, of which a powerful and significant Hynek Hlaváč was often referred, until the beginning of Hussite wars when in May 1426 it was carried by Hussites led by Jan Roháč z Dubé and became a considerable stronghold until 1436. Between 1502 and 1553 a larger part of the city and its surroundings belonged to the Vartenberks. Later, the lords of Dubá / Lipá gained the castle again and kept it for over 100 years. Albrecht of Valdštejn reunited the city in 1622 to 1623.〔 〕 Large parts of the city were destroyed in 1787 and 1820. Until 1918, the town was part of the Austrian monarchy (The Austrian side after the compromise of 1867), head of the Böhmisch Leipa district, one of the 94 ''Bezirkshauptmannschaften'' in Bohemia.〔Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm KLEIN, 1967〕 In 1938, following the Munich agreement, the city was annexed to Germany. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Česká Lípa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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